Intra-dermal vaccination series: Part 4. Field trials across three continents

The needle-free IDAL device for administering vaccine via the intra-dermal route has practical advantages on-farm related to its speed and ease of use with a low risk of disease transmission and an animal-friendly accent. Further, experiences in the field around Europe, Central America and Asia supports the scientific evidence that stimulation of the immune system using the intra-dermal application is comparable to that obtained by the intra-muscular route. This article can also be found