Is tail biting in pigs related to tail posture?

Tail biting is one of the most prominent welfare concerns in commercial pig husbandry. It causes economic losses, so it needs to be recognised early to reduce injuries and suffering. Tail biting is an example of oral manipulation, often occurring in barren pens, and it can result in wounds and hemorrhages, infection, crippling and even death. According to research, tail posture is advocated as an indicator for the presence of tail biting behaviour in pigs, and a potential indicator of their e